OBJECTIVES: This study evaluates the perinatal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with severe thrombocytopenia.

METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on pregnant women with platelet counts below 50 × 10⁹/L in a tertiary university hospital between January 2015 and May 2024. Patients were divided into two groups according to their lowest platelet counts. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were systematically recorded and analyzed.

RESULTS: A total of 195 pregnant women were included in the study, 72 of whom were in Group A (0-30 × 10⁹/L) and 123 in Group B (30-50 × 10⁹/L). In our study, immune thrombocytopenic purpura was the most common cause of severe thrombocytopenia, accounting for 56.6 % of cases. Significant differences were observed in the rates of preterm birth (<34 weeks) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, with higher rates in Group A (p=0.035 and p=0.05, respectively). No significant differences were found in other maternal and neonatal outcomes, including postpartum hemorrhage rates, between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS: In pregnancies complicated by severe thrombocytopenia with a platelet count <30 × 10⁹/L, there is an increased risk of preterm birth before 34 weeks and NICU admission.