Cluster analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis using preoperative alpha-fetoprotein and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin levels: a multi-institutional study.
Our study introduces tumor marker clustering as a novel analytical approach, providing a nuanced understanding of AFP and DCP's combined utility in predicting prognosis and recurrence. Our findings highlight the independent and complementary roles of these biomarkers, particularly in NBNC-related HCC and in cases with impaired liver function. AFP and DCP remain crucial tools for recurrence risk assessment, guiding personalized management strategies, such as surveillance, neoadjuvant therapies, and tailored postoperative interventions.